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Parkinson Disease: Managing Off-Episodes

Two experts discuss what it means to have an off-episode as a patient with Parkinson’s disease, as well as how to live with them and what can be done to alleviate adverse events.

EP. 1: Defining Off-Episodes in Parkinson Disease With Long-Term Use of Levodopa

February 22nd 2022

Rajesh Pahwa, MD, and Cynthia Comella, MD, discuss long-term use of levodopa for patients with Parkinson’s disease and how it can lead to off-episodes and dyskinesia.

EP. 2: Identifying and Evaluating Off-Episodes in Parkinson Disease

February 22nd 2022

Drs Pahwa and Comella explain the challenges in identifying off-episodes and tactics they use to evaluate them.

EP. 3: Mechanism of Off-Episodes

March 8th 2022

Dr Pahwa briefly delves into the mechanism of off-episodes.

EP. 4: Levodopa Absorption Issues

March 8th 2022

Two experts talk about the potential factors that can impact the absorption of levodopa in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

EP. 5: Levodopa Dosing and Administration Changes

March 8th 2022

Drs Pahwa and Comella explain what changes they would make, as well as with long-term use preparations, to decrease off-episodes in patients.

EP. 6: Adjunctive Therapy and Other Treatment Options for Off-Episodes

March 8th 2022

Two experts ponder moving patients with Parkinson’s disease that are taking levodopa to adjunctive therapy and introduce some of those therapy options.

EP. 7: Parkinson Disease and COMT Inhibitors

March 15th 2022

Cynthia Comella, MD, discusses the importance of having COMT inhibitors as a therapeutic option for patients with Parkinson disease that are having off-episodes.

EP. 8: Parkinson Disease: MAO B Inhibitors and A2A and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

March 15th 2022

Dr Comella continues the discussion of alternate therapy agents by introducing MAO B inhibitors, as well as A2A and NMDA receptor antagonists.

EP. 9: Parkinson Disease Medications and Alternate Courses of Therapy

March 22nd 2022

Two experts discuss the idea of using on-demand medications, device-assisted, or surgical therapies for patients having off-episodes.

EP. 10: Unmet Needs and Key Takeaways for Treating Parkinson Off-Episodes

March 22nd 2022

Rajesh Pahwa, MD, and Cynthia Comella, MD, conclude by relaying some challenges they face when treating off-episodes and offering some advice for colleagues within this disease and patient landscape.