Myasthenia Gravis and Underlying Pathophysiology

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This is a video synopsis of a discussion involving Neelam Goyal, MD, who provided insights into myasthenia gravis (MG). According to Dr. Goyal, the prevalence of MG in the US is estimated to be between 60,000 to 70,000 patients, although the exact numbers may vary slightly. The observed increase in MG prevalence is attributed to several factors, including the introduction of new treatments, improved patient longevity with the disease, heightened awareness, and enhanced diagnostic capabilities.

Dr. Goyal outlined three mechanisms through which MG antibodies impact muscle function. Firstly, these antibodies can block the communication between nerves and muscles, preventing muscle contraction. Secondly, antibodies can cross-link to receptors, leading to internalization and degradation. The third mechanism involves antibody-triggered activation of the complement system, resulting in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). This complex functions akin to a straw poking a hole in the muscle membrane, causing receptor and membrane degradation, inflammation, and ultimately reducing the muscle's contractility.

The panelist's comprehensive overview sheds light on the multifaceted nature of MG and underscores the importance of continued research and awareness in managing this autoimmune disorder.

Video synopsis is AI-generated and reviewed by NeurologyLive® editorial staff.