Brain Chat: MS or NMOSD? Why the Right Diagnosis Changes Everything

Brain Chat with the Nerdy Neurologist is a podcast hosted by Mitzi Joi Williams, MD that brings together leading clinicians and experts to translate complex neurologic topics into practical, patient-centered conversations. By combining the latest scientific advances with real-world clinical experience, the series helps listeners better understand neurologic diseases, emerging research, and the decisions that shape diagnosis and long-term care.

In this episode, Williams is joined by Jacquelyn McEwen, MD and Jacqueline Rosenthal, MD to discuss the evolving diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The conversation explores the 2025 updates to the MS diagnostic criteria, including advances in MRI biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid testing, and earlier diagnosis, while also examining the growing role of antibody testing in distinguishing MS from NMOSD and MOG antibody-associated disease. Together, the panel highlights the importance of diagnostic accuracy, recognizing clinical red flags, and balancing early intervention with thoughtful clinical judgment to ensure patients receive the most appropriate treatment.

EPISODE BREAKDOWN:

• Why updated MS criteria matter
• Earlier diagnosis through new biomarkers
• MRI and spinal fluid advances
• Distinguishing MS from NMOSD and MOGAD
• Recognizing diagnostic red flags
• Balancing early diagnosis with clinical judgment

Other formats:

Listen to the show on Apple Podcasts.

Watch the episode on YouTube.