Recognition of Off Episodes in Parkinson Disease

EP: 1.Off Fluctuations in Parkinson Disease

EP: 2.Adjusting and Changing Treatment Regimens in Parkinson Disease

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EP: 3.Recognition of Off Episodes in Parkinson Disease

EP: 4.Conversations About Off Time In Patients With Parkinson Disease

EP: 5.Advanced Treatment Options in Parkinson Disease

EP: 6.Adjunctive Treatments and Apomorphine for Treatment of Parkinson Disease

EP: 7.Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion (CSAI) and TOLEDO Study in Parkinson Disease

EP: 8.CSAI and INFUS-ON Study for Treatment of Parkinson Disease

EP: 9.Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Systems for Parkinson Disease and Patient Selection Criteria

EP: 10.Place of Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Systems in Parkinson Disease Management

EP: 11.Clinical Experience With CSAI for Parkinson Disease

EP: 12.Place of Recent Approvals in Parkinson Disease Management

EP: 13.Patient Conversation and Adoption of CSAI in Clinical Practice

EP: 14.Clinical Nurse Educators, Dosing Titrations to Manage Parkinson Disease

Video content above is prompted by the following:

Patient Understanding and Discussion of Off Episodes

• Patients often struggle to recognize, characterize, and report off episodes
• Terminology confusion: Patients may use different language to describe symptoms
• Many patients accept worsening symptoms as inevitable disease progression
• Underreporting due to time constraints during clinical visits
• Patient education gaps regarding the relationship between medication timing and symptom fluctuations
• Symptom diaries and rating scales improve identification but are inconsistently used
• Technology-based monitoring offers promise for more objective assessment
• Cultural and psychological factors influence symptom reporting and help-seeking behavior