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Test your neurology knowledge with NeurologyLive®'s weekly quiz series, featuring questions on a variety of clinical and historical neurology topics. This week's topic is on the link between iRBD and neurodegeneration.

NeurologyLive® Brain Games: August 31, 2025

Videos

The director of the Adult Genetic Epilepsy Program at the University of Toronto talked about how to ensure a smooth transition from pediatric to adult epilepsy care for university students. [WATCH TIME: 4 minutes]

Back to School, Transitioning College Students With Epilepsy to Adult Care: Danielle Andrade, MD, MSc, FRCPC

Neurology News Network. for the week ending August 30, 2025. [WATCH TIME: 4 minutes]

Efgartigimod Meets End Point in Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis Study, Cemdisiran Submission for MG Coming Soon, Phase 3 Studies of IncobotulinumtoxinA Begin

The autoinjector, branded as Leqembi Iqlik, contains a 360 mg/1.8 mL dose administered over 15 seconds. It is expected to enhance Alzheimer treatment accessibility and offer cost savings for patients.

FDA Approves Lecanemab Autoinjector, Marking First At-Home Treatment for Alzheimer Disease

The director of the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at UF Health talked about prevention, understanding disease mechanisms, and creating a patient-centered care model in Parkinson disease. [WATCH TIME: 5 minutes]

Focusing on Prevention and Patient-Centered Care in Parkinson Disease: Michael S. Okun, MD

Marco Meglio, Assistant Managing Editor for 

, has been with the team since October 2019. Follow him on Twitter 

The neurophysiologist at Allegheny Health Network shared his clinical experience with tofersen in patients with SOD-1 ALS, while emphasizing the critical role of accessible genetic testing for patient identification. [WATCH TIME: 3 minutes]

Clinical Experience and Considerations With ALS Medication Tofersen: Sandeep Rana, MD

The vice chair of education for the department of neurology at Mass General outlined her AUPN 2025 session on supporting clinician educators through recognition, career development, and institutional frameworks for advancement. [WATCH TIME: 4 minutes]

Building Better Pathways for Clinician Educators in Academic Neurology: Tamara Kaplan, MD

The director of the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at UF Health highlighted the need for equitable, worldwide access to levodopa for patients with Parkinson disease. [WATCH TIME: 6 minutes]

A Global Calling for Universal Levodopa Access in Parkinson Disease Treatment: Michael S. Okun, MD

NeurologyLive is your direct connection to the latest neurology news and interviews with expert neurologists in multimedia formats.

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Clinical

 Parkinson disease Disease Spotlight page gives readers key updates and detailed coverage on the most recent expert conversations and data presentations relevant to the treatment of the movement disorder.

Video content above is prompted by the following: 

Parkinson's disease management presents significant clinical challenges when distinguishing between dyskinesia and tremor, two motor symptoms that often appear similar but require distinct treatment approaches. Dr. Daniel Kremens, Dr. Fernando Pagan, and Dr. Yasar Torres-Yaghi discuss how dyskinesias manifest as uncontrollable, excessive, dance-like (choreiform) movements affecting any part of the body, while tremor presents differently in timing and character. The experts emphasize that patients frequently experience both symptoms simultaneously, with one body part exhibiting dyskinesia while another shows tremor, creating therapeutic dilemmas since treatments that increase "on time" typically exacerbate dyskinesia.

Several key risk factors increase dyskinesia likelihood, including young-onset Parkinson's disease, female gender, low body mass index, and daily levodopa doses exceeding 400-600 milligrams. The pathophysiology involves progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and increasingly pulsatile stimulation from oral levodopa, which leads to postsynaptic receptor remodeling and misfiring. The narrowing therapeutic window over time makes patients more susceptible to both "off" episodes (tremor) and peak-dose dyskinesias, creating complex motor fluctuation patterns that require careful clinical assessment and patient education about symptom recognition.

Contemporary dyskinesia management has evolved beyond the traditional approach of reducing medications or frequent dosing. Current evidence-based treatments include extended-release amantadine (with Level A evidence for reducing dyskinesias while improving on-time), long-acting carbidopa-levodopa formulations, and continuous subcutaneous delivery systems for both foslevodopa and apomorphine. Deep brain stimulation remains highly effective, providing up to four hours of quality on-time. Emerging therapies include next-generation dopamine agonists (D1/D5 and D1/D2 partial agonists) that promise potent efficacy without traditional side effects, offering hope for earlier intervention to prevent motor complications.

Holistic Management of Parkinson’s Disease Beyond Symptom Control 

Panelists discuss how distinguishing between dyskinesia (choreoform, dance-like movements) and tremor in Parkinson's disease is crucial for treatment decisions, as modern therapeutic options including extended-release amantadine, continuous subcutaneous delivery systems, and advanced formulations can now effectively manage both motor fluctuations and troublesome dyskinesias simultaneously.

Clinical Insights on Dyskinesia and Tremor in Parkinson’s Disease 

Stuart Isaacson, MD, Rajesh Pahwa, MD, and Jennifer Goldman, MD discuss optimizing PD treatment with levodopa and adjunct therapies, addressing patient and pharmacologic challenges, coordinating care, and anticipating the impact of emerging therapies and upcoming Medicare Part D changes.

Medcast Podcasts

Optimizing Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment involves leveraging levodopa and adjunct therapies to address both patient-specific and pharmacologic challenges. Effective management requires coordinated care among healthcare providers to ensure comprehensive treatment strategies. Anticipating the impact of emerging therapies and upcoming changes in Medicare Part D is crucial for adapting treatment plans. These changes may influence drug accessibility and affordability, necessitating proactive adjustments in therapeutic approaches. Understanding these dynamics is essential for improving patient outcomes and maintaining the efficacy of PD management strategies.

Stuart Isaacson, MD, Rajesh Pahwa, MD, and Jennifer Goldman, MD discuss optimizing PD treatment with levodopa and adjunct therapies, addressing patient and pharmacologic challenges, coordinating care, and anticipating the impact of emerging therapies and upcoming Medicare Part D changes.

Multisymptomatic Care in Parkinson's Disease

 is now live! Scroll down to listen, and make sure to subscribe on your favorite streaming service.

 features Dr. Anne Marie Morse, DO, a neurologist with special qualifications in child neurology and a sleep medicine specialist, best known for putting the DAMM in 

 and for always looking for digestible, actionable patient-directed sleep tips, tricks and tools to achieve optimal outcomes. Dr. Morse has joined forces with Brandon Hedgecock, DDS, D-ABDSM, a dentist and founder of Hedgecock Dental and 

; and Matthew Allard, AKA the "Sleep Connector," an experienced sleep professional with 20 years of experience helping others sleep and breathe better nightly, to break down the barriers between dentistry and medicine to develop educational content that considers the whole person and illustrate how sleep relates to lifestyle, wellness, and culture.

Sleeping Around the Podcast realized they had more to give and are a partner with 

Sleeping Around the Podcast × NeurologyLive

 for neurology-focused sleep content to allow any neurology stakeholder to add to their knowledge bank and skillset on how to use sleep as the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic neurology tool it is designed to be.

 – Connection between PD and sleep disorders

 – Overview of study assessing biomarker for EDS in Parkinson disease

 – Role of neurofilament light chain in PD

– Patient demographics and differences of NfL increases 

. Check out the links below to subscribe on your preferred podcast platform.

DAMM Good Sleep

Sleeping Around the Podcast × NeurologyLive brings you a clinical overview of a newly published study highlighting extracellular vesicle-associated miRNA features that could be diagnostically informative of RBD in patients with Parkinson disease.

Sleeping Around the Podcast × NeurologyLive: Candidate Biomarkers to Detect REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson Disease

Watch the video version of this episode here. 

Dyskinesia: Importance of Giving Patients More Good “On- Time" in Parkinson’s Disease

Drs Isaacson, Pahwa, and Gupta discuss the management of dyskinesia and providing good ON time in Parkinson’s disease, sharing practical tips for early identification and treatment of dyskinesia, as well as their experience with current treatments.

 – Sleep disturbances as major feature of PD

 – Parkinson-related pathological changes

Sleeping Around the Podcast × NeurologyLive brings you a scientific overview of the crossover between Parkinson disease and sleep disorders. 

Sleeping Around the Podcast × NeurologyLive: Parkinson Disease Awareness Month

To watch the full video episode, follow this link. 

Widening the Therapeutic Window in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease

Expert neurologists discuss strategies to widen the therapeutic window of Parkinson’s disease and options available to treat dyskinesia, providing better control of Parkinson’s disease.

 to subscribe on your favorite streaming service.

The Mind Moments podcast features exclusive interviews with leaders in the field discussing the latest research and disease management strategies across the breadth of neurology, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, dementia, sleep disorders, and more.

Episode 93, "Caring for Women With Parkinson Disease," features an exclusive interview with 

, an assistant professor of neurology and director of the Parkinson’s Disease & Movement Disorder Program at Global Neurosciences Institute, who spoke with us about the current landscape of care for women with Parkinson disease (PD), how the approach to their care can differ from men, the major gaps around education and treatment for these women, and much more.

, a streaming channel from MJH Life Sciences

. Check out new content and shows every day, only at

The stories featured in this week's Neurology News Minute, which will give you quick updates on the following developments in neurology, are further detailed here:

FDA Issues Complete Response Letter to Amneal for Parkinson Agent IPX203

FDA Grants Traditional Approval to Lecanemab as Therapy for Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease

Medicare Expands Coverage for Fully Approved Alzheimer Agent Lecanemab

FDA Approves Image Guided Programming Software for Vercise Deep Brain Stimulation Systems

 – The presentation of Parkinson disease for women

 – Nonmotor symptoms that can create challenges  for diagnosis

 – OFF episodes and dyskinesia in women vs men

 – Being attentive to patient needs in treatment

 – The daily impact of Parkinson disease

 – Encouraging women with Parkinson to participate in trials

– Conversations in areas of limited knowledge

 to subscribe to the Mind Moments podcast. Be sure to leave a rating and review for the show. Thanks for listening!

Hoping to listen on your favorite podcast app? See below:

Mind Moments®, a podcast from NeurologyLive®, brings you an exclusive interview with Jill Farmer, DO, MPH. [LISTEN TIME: 28 minutes]

Episode 93: Caring for Women With Parkinson Disease

 podcast features exclusive interviews with leaders in the field discussing the latest research and disease management strategies across the breadth of neurology, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, dementia, sleep disorders, and more.

Episode 81, "Widening the Therapeutic Window in Parkinson Disease," features an exclusive interview with Robert A. Hauser, MD, MBA, director of the Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Center at the University of South Florida. He spoke about the current state of therapeutics in Parkinson disease, some of the lingering challenges in day-to-day management, the promise of novel agents in development such as IPX203, and more.

This episode is brought to you by the Giants of Multiple Sclerosis®. This premier neuroscience award program celebrates pioneers, innovators, and future generations of leaders for their remarkable achievements in Multiple Sclerosis. 

Neurelis Files IND for Potentially First Therapy to Treat Cerebral Cavernous Malformations

CDC and FDA Announce Stroke Safety Concern Related to Pfizer-BioNTech Bivalent COVID-19 Vaccine

FDA Hands Eli Lilly Complete Response Letter for Donanemab After Lack of Long-Term Data

FDA Clears Trial Hold on Late-Onset Pompe Disease Gene Therapy AT845

Proclaim XR Spinal Cord Stimulation Wins Approval for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

 – Lingering unmet needs in Parkinson disease management

 – The advances in identifying therapeutic targets in PD

 – Bridging the gap to more effective long-term treatment

 – Overview of IPX203 and its potential to treat PD

 – Safety profile of IPX203 in clinical development

 – The importance of addressing dose-wearing off

 podcast. Be sure to leave a rating and review for the show. Thanks for listening!

Mind Moments®, a podcast from NeurologyLive®, brings you an exclusive interview with Robert A. Hauser, MD, MBA. [LISTEN TIME: 20 minutes]

Episode 81: Widening the Therapeutic Window in Parkinson Disease

Episode 78, "A Virtual Reality Platform for Parkison Disease," features an exclusive interview with Jay Alberts, PhD, the Edward F. and Barbara A. Bell Endowed Chair at Cleveland Clinic. He joined the show to discuss the complexities that come with understanding early signs of PD, and how the newly designed Cleveland Clinic Virtual Reality Shopping (CC-VRS) platform works towards that, among other topics.

. Check out new episodes of a variety of shows, airing every single day, only on

International Committee Proposes MS Disease Progression Framework Driven by Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Not Clinical Phenotype

Anti-Amyloid-ß Oligomer Antibody ACU193 Gains FDA Fast Track Designation

Duchenne Gene Therapy SRP-9001 Wins Priority Review

Lecanemab Represents Promising Therapy for Alzheimer Disease, Posts Positive Phase 3 Secondary Analyses

Donanemab Shows Greater Ability to Clear Amyloid Plaque Than Aducanumab

Episode Breakdown

Mind Moments®, a podcast from NeurologyLive®, brings you an exclusive interview with Jay Alberts, PhD. [LISTEN TIME: 27 minutes]

Episode 78: A Virtual Reality Platform for Parkinson Disease

A recent Canadian study reported similar trends in polysomnography and positive airway pressure initiation over a decade between patients with Parkinson disease and matched controls.

Population-Based Study Finds Higher Polysomnography Use but Similar PAP Initiation in Patients With Parkinson Disease

Experts shared their clinical perspectives on trending topics in the treatment and management of movement disorders at the 4th Annual Advanced Therapeutics in Movement and Related Disorders (ATMRD) Congress.


ATMRD Congress 2025: Top Expert Interviews and Key Takeaways

At the 2025 ATMRD Congress, Anissa Mitchell, LCSW, chief program officer at PMD Alliance, discussed immersive, patient-focused sessions aimed at improving clinicians’ empathy, communication, and understanding of Parkinson disease and related disorders.

Building Empathy Through Patient-Centered Simulations: Perspectives From 2025 ATMRD Congress 

A recent study uncovered existing medications that may lower mortality risk in patients with Parkinson disease, suggesting potential for repurposing in future trials.

Several Preexisting Therapies Associated With Reduced Mortality Risk in Parkinson Disease, Study Shows

Findings from a recently published study may offer clinicians a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between Parkinson disease biology and social or environmental factors.

Community Disadvantage Linked to Increased Motor Symptom Severity in Parkinson Disease

Captions are auto-generated and may contain errors.

"In the book, we talk about navigation of new therapies [for the] short, medium, and long-term. We think there’s tremendous hope, tremendous things on the horizon, but we need to be thinking short, medium, long term, while also investing in prevention at the same time and teaching people that Parkinson is not a death sentence—it’s a life sentence."

Emerging evidence underscores the significant role of environmental factors in the risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD). Recent studies have identified associations between long-term exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and air pollutants with an increased risk of PD. For instance, a recently published study reported that coexposure to multiple pesticides was associated with greater damage to dopaminergic neurons.

 These findings highlight the potential need for public health initiatives aimed at limiting exposure to these environmental toxins to reduce the risk of PD.

In parallel, patient-centered strategies are expanding to support patients living with PD. For example, patient programs specifically for those with PD can provide information for them to the point where they may feel motivated and capable to collaborate with their caregivers, and health care providers. At the same time, advances in therapy, including longer-acting levodopa formulations, continuous apomorphine infusion, and adaptive deep brain stimulation, offer additional options for patients to manage their motor symptoms. By combining these interventions with patient empowerment initiatives, clinicians can deliver a comprehensive, personalized approach to PD management.

, a newly published book by movement disorder experts 

Parkinson Disease

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