Risk Factors for MS Progression

In this episode, panelists examine how genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influence the progression of multiple sclerosis. The discussion highlights that male sex and the Y chromosome are associated with greater disability, potentially influenced by lower levels of neuroprotective testosterone as men age. The panel reviews emerging genetic findings, such as a variant in the DYSF gene that increases risk for secondary progression. Lifestyle and environmental risks receive close attention, with smoking identified as a factor that increases both physical and cognitive disability. Dietary patterns, such as following a Mediterranean diet, eating ultra-processed foods, and exposure to insecticides, are also discussed for their roles in inflammation and disease activity. Additionally, comorbid conditions like diabetes, especially common in older patients, are recognized as complicating factors in distinguishing MS progression from other causes of neurological decline. The conversation emphasizes that addressing these risks can help slow disease progression and improve patient outcomes.